The two solar-powered observatories with 3-axis-stabilization, each with a launch mass of 1,364 lbs (620 kilograms, including propellant), were developed by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and communicate with its Mission Operations Center via NASAs Deep Space Network. During 2007, scientists continued to use Aura and other satellites for tracking different chemicals present in Earth's atmosphere. One focus concerns plans for shifting the advanced technology base toward space in order to continue building a new foundation for more integrated air and space operations in the 21st century as space is becoming increasingly dominant in military reconnaissance, communications, warning, navigation, missile defense and weather-related areas. The Voyager missions, now in their 31st year, continue their quest to push the bounds of space exploration. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The second close pass of Venus changed the spacecraft's direction around the sun and decelerated it from 22.7 to 17.3 miles per second, placing MESSENGER on target for a flyby of Mercury in January 2008 for a critical gravity assist needed to keep the spacecraft on track for its March 2011 orbit insertion, to begin an unprecedented yearlong study of Mercury. 08/01/2023. Their installation plus other maintenance, servicing & inspection tasks were accomplished by the crew in four spacewalks (EVAs/Extravehicular Activities) by Reilly, Olivas, Forrester and Swanson, running up the 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th spacewalk in 2007. During the 4th EVA, astronauts constructed solar array hinge stabilizers using strips of aluminum, a hole punch, a bolt connector and 66 feet of wire. During 2007, the spacecraft were in a coast phase collecting information about the interaction of the solar wind and the Earths magnetic field. Traveling at a speed of about one million miles per day, Voyager 1 could cross into interstellar space within the next 10 years. NASA Web By end-2007, data analysis was still underway, and an agreement was reached with NASA to extend the data analysis phase through September 2008 and probably beyond. Both Voyagers are still working, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The data provide crucial new insights into the end of the "dark ages," when the first generation of stars began to shine. Fifty weeks worth of more than a terabyte of science data were downloaded from the spacecraft and relayed to a comprehensive computer database in the Mission Operations Center at Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., where scientists began the painstaking task of data analysis and validation of the measurements collected from the gyros, telescope, and SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) magnetometer readouts, until the liquid helium in the Dewar was exhausted on September 25, 2005. These data are giving researchers a more complete picture of the causes and effects of atmospheric pollution. Entering a highly elliptical orbit around the poles of the Red Planet, it began to change orbit parameters by aerobraking, reducing its ellipticity to a circular orbit at 400 km by end of January 2002. A stellar black hole is formed from the collapse of the core of a massive star at the end of its life. Its robotic arm will dig into an icy layer believed to lie just beneath the Martian surface. On September 10, Cassini flew by Saturn's two-toned moon Iapetus and returned pictures which revealed the moon's Yin and Yang nature: a white hemisphere resembling snow, and the other as black as tar. And beyond. NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day 17 January 2023: Andromeda Galaxy is simply riveting. Grouped stars sometimes form patterns in the sky recognized by humans known as Constellations. Although astronomers don't know what dark matter is made of, they hypothesize that it is a type of elementary particle that pervades the universe. MESSENGER will be the first probe to visit the innermost planet in almost 33 years. The spacecraft are now traveling at a distance where the Sun is but a bright point of light and solar energy is not an option for electrical power. Some scientists believe that our sun grew up in a crowded region like the Pleiades, before migrating to its present, more isolated home. 2017-08-17: Moon: Terra: MISR: 600x675x1: PIA21876: NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center. EC99-45219-1: October 27, 1999: David A. Wright in ER-2: ED07-0170-2: July 26, 2007: Mark Pestana in F-18: ED07-0294-35: December 27, 2007: Retired NASA research pilot . Launched on shuttle mission STS-93 on July 23, 1999, the massive (12,930 lbs/5,870 kg) Chandra X-ray Observatory uses a high-resolution camera, high-resolution mirrors and a charge-coupled detector (CCD) imaging spectrometer to observe X-rays of some of the most violent phenomena in the universe which cannot be seen by the Hubble's visual-range telescope. Primary focus contin ues on GRB research, but about half the time is being spread among the other science areas. Since its launch, WMAP has refined our understanding of the universe and its development. The 6800-lbs (3100-kg) spacecraft was launched on April 20, 2004, on a Delta-2 rocket. Editor's Corner. featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. Joint USAF/NOAA Solar Geophysical Activity Report and Forecast SDF Number 17 Issued at 2200Z on 17 Jan 2023, Artemis I Orion Post-Flight Payload Processing - Campos/Moonikin, NASA Awards Students Flight Opportunity In The 2021-2022 TechRise Challenge. Spitzer's sensitive infrared (IR) detectors have found 10,000 Earth masses worth of dust in the blown-out remains of the well-known supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day is a stunning picture of stars and their clusters in the vast expanse of space in the constellation Perseus. The three 30-centimeter-wide (12-inch) ion thrusters provide less power than conventional engines but can maintain thrust for months at a time. NOAA-18 has instruments used in the 1982-established international Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking System, called COSPAS-SARSAT. NASA.gov brings you the latest images, videos and news from America's space agency. During the coming years multi-point data from ACE, STEREO, and other spacecraft will provide a new perspective on anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) studies by measuring the longitudinal structure and distribution of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), interplanetary (IP) shocks, solar energy particle (SEP) events and suprathermal ions, and by correlating these in situ observations with multi-point imaging of the corona and inner heliosphere. The radar imaged several very dark features near Titan's north pole, much larger than similar features seen before on Titan. The CMBR is the light left over from the Big Bang, bathing the whole Universe in this afterglow light. The spacecraft scanned the popular star during its ongoing survey of the entire sky in UV light. In 2007, it entered the heliosheath on August 30 at a distance of 84 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun (1 AU is the distance between the Earth and Sun). Voyager 1 is at the outer edge of our solar system, in an area called the heliosheath, the zone where the sun's influence wanes. Anyone interested in supporting a good cause, call 757-864-1296. You can sponsor Brandon and the NASA EDGE Team by the meter. Since the launch of AIM, significant progress has been made in achieving this goal and that progress continues at a rapid rate. By end-2007, USAF could point to a continued succession of more than 54 successful launches of operational satellites. However, due to a problem discovered late in the Phoenix lander ground testing program, it was decided not to use the MARDI (and an also included audio microphone during descent). In 2005, almost 90 years after Albert Einstein first postulated his GR and after GP-B orbited Earth for more than 17 months, scientists finished collecting data. 1980 - FLTSATCOM 3 launch. The twin Voyager 1 & 2 spacecraft opened new vistas in space by greatly expanding our knowledge of Jupiter and Saturn. It stayed that size through at least January 6, 2023. The thrusters work by using an electrical charge to accelerate ions from Xenon fuel to a speed 10 times that of chemical engines. January 17, 2008. The brightest members of the cluster, also the highest-mass stars, are known in Greek mythology as two parents, Atlas and Pleione, and their seven daughters, Alcyone, Electra, Maia, Merope, Taygeta, Celaeno, and Asterope. The International Space Station (ISS), which is the largest modular space station in low Earth orbit was launched back on 20 November 1998. Among else, Cassini discovered a narrow belt harboring moonlets as large as football stadiums in Saturn's outermost ring, probably remains of a larger moon shattered by a wayward asteroid or comet eons ago. . The Orion Crew Exploration Cehicle, which sits atop Ares I, is being built by Lockheed Martin Space Systems of Denver, put under contract in August 2006. Moving west to east (left to right) across the composited time-lapse image China's Tiangong Space Station traced the upper trail captured more than an hour before the local sunrise.". In 2006, Voyager 1, already the most distant human-made object in the cosmos, passed a major milestone when it surpassed the 100 astronomical units (AU) distance from the Sun (August 15), i.e., the spacecraft, which launched nearly three decades ago, was 100 times more distant from the sun than Earth is. Clay Anderson was transferred to the ISS as an official station crewmember of Exp. The companion star also has an unusually large mass, 70 times that of the Sun. Humankinds first mission to distant planet Pluto was launched by NASA on January 19, 2006, aboard an Atlas V rocket at 2 pm EST. The two-year mission of the two nearly identical space-based observatories, one ahead of Earth in its orbit around the sun (STEREO-A, for ahead), the other trailing behind (STEREO-B, behind) on April 23 provided the first-ever 3D images and stereoscopic measurements of the Sun, to study the nature of its coronal mass ejections, or CMEs, violent eruptions of matter from the Sun that can disrupt satellites and power grids. By comparison, Pluto is now about 32 AU from the Sun. Mars Odyssey. Some significant Space Events in 2007. January 17, 2023. The orbiting telescope has become one of the most important instruments in the history of astronomy. In contrast, estimates from WMAP data show the current universe consists of 4.6% percent atoms, 23% dark matter, 72% dark energy and less than 1 percent neutrinos. HST, however, found young white dwarfs residing at the edge of NGC 6397, which is about 11.5 billion years old. The first science observations from the spacecraft were obtained on March 23, during a disturbance in the Earths magnetic field known as a substorm. The 2202-lb (999-kg) CloudSat was launched with the CALIPSO satellite by a Delta-2 from VAFB on April 28, 2006, into a polar orbit at an altitude of 438 miles (705 km). MRO is a multipurpose spacecraft designed to conduct reconnaissance and exploration of Mars from orbit. The non-US/non-Russian partnership of Boeing, RSC-Energia (Russia, 25% share), NPO Yushnoye (Ukraine) and Kvaerner Group (Norway) launched one Russian Zenit 3SL (SeaLaunch) rocket carrying the NSS-8 (New Skies 8), the eighth comsat in a series intended to provide global coverage at C-band. 2007 January 17. Specific rights apply. Featured Resources . The 1,054-lbs (478 kg), piano-sized space probe was the eighth spacecraft to visit Jupiter but a combination of trajectory, timing and technology allowed it to explore details no probe had seen before, such as lightning near the planets poles, the life cycle of fresh ammonia clouds, boulder-size clumps speeding through the planets faint rings, the structure inside volcanic eruptions on its moon Io, and the path of charged particles traversing the previously unexplored length of the planets long magnetic tail. Titan is the second largest moon in the solar system and is about 50 percent larger than Earth's moon. January 17, 2012. Highly complementary with CloudSat, the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) satellite continued in 2007 to provide new insight into the role that clouds and atmospheric aerosols (airborne particles) play in regulating Earth's weather, climate, and air quality. 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